Telephonic relay or repeater.



No. 754,457. PATENTED MAR. 15, 19014.

L'KITSEE. TELEPHONI G RELAY OR REPEATER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 7. 1899. RENEWED APR. 25, 1902. N0 MODEL.

Inventor.

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UNITED STATES Patented March 15, 1904 PATENT OFF CE.

ISIDOR KITSEE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

TELEPHONIC RELAY OR REPEATER.

" sEEoIFIoA'rIoN formingpart of Letters Patent No. 754,457, dated Mean.15, 1904. w

Application filed July '7, 1899. Renewed April 25, 1902. Serial No.104,677. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, ISIDOR KITsEE, of the city and county ofPhiladelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Telephonic Relays or Repeaters, of'which thefollowing isa specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in telephonic relays orrepeaters.

The object of my'invention is to produce a telephonic instrument capableof automatically .transferring the messages transmitted through onetelephonic circuit to a second and independent circuit and with the aidof said circuit transmitting the same to a point or points more or lessremote from the repeatingstation. I

Broadly speaking, the underlying principle of this my invention consistsin the employment of a galvanometer the needle or needles of which areadapted to vary the resistance of a local circuit through their varyingposition due to the incoming telephonic current and through thevariation of this local circuit to produce impulses in a secondtelephonic circuit.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an end View of myimproved tele phonic relay or repeater. Fig. 2 is a section on the line22of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the electrical connections ofthe device as well as the' incoming and outgoing line-wires. Fig. 4 is adiagram showing the arm carrying three yokes or sets of contactpoints,as well as the cups for the same,'in-

order to increase the variation of the resistance in the primarycircuit.

A is the base; B, the insulating core or skeleton of the solenoid orhelix. B is the orifice in said core or skeleton.

C is a bearing or bracket in the orifice b.

0 is a spindle or shaft on which are mountedthe needles D, as well ascontact-arm F, saidarm carrying the contact at its ends.

G represents brackets secured to the core B. Mounted on the end of eachof these brackets G are the cups 9 g g g The points of the yokesf enterthe cups g g. The points of yokes or points ff the yokes f enter thecups 9 and g for the purpose hereinafter to be described.

it is the liquid or michrophonic material 4 contained in each of thesecups. p

D is the adjustable permanent magnet to hold the needles in the desiredposition.

H H are the binding-posts for the terminals of the coil B.

Referring now to Fig. 3, L L are the incoming line-wires. Z Z are theoutgoing linewires. I I are the batteries in the primary circuits n p. ss are switches in said cir- 1 cuits. P P are the primary coils in saidcir cuits. m m are the contact-points in the cups 9 g 9 S S are thesecondary coils in the outgoing line-wires.

Referring now to Fig. 4, F is the arm carrying the contact points oryokes/t k if. 'j 7' 1' j 7' are the cups containing the liquid ormichrophonic material it. These cups are connected in series in theprimary circuit 9. It can readily be understood by referring to Figs. 1and 2 that by removing either of r the brackets G the bearing C, withall its appurtenances, can be drawn out of the orifice b.

It is necessary to remark that if the cups are loosely packed withpowdered carbon the resistance through the vibration of the contact-armis easily varied; but experiments have proven that in time the carbonhas a tendency to pack, and' the resistance to the downward movement ofthe point is somewhat greater than with the employment of a liquid. Di-

luted sulfuric acid would be the ideal michrophonic material were it notfor the electrolyticeifect of the current. This necessitates that allexposed parts of the instrument should be covered with a moistproofVarnish. This also necessitates the occasional adding of new liquid forthe one evaporated or electrolyted.

The. use of mercury cannot wellbe recommended, for the reason that itoffers too much resistance to the contact-points if the same areimmersed in the mercury; but where it is preferred that thecontact-points should themselves be of a michrophonic material thedifference of pressure of these points on the mercury may in some casesbe suiiicient.- The relation of the cups to the points can also be soregulated that the incoming circuit makes and breaks the electriccontact; but I have found that very little reliance can be placed onthis method.

I will first describe the galvanometer proper and point out the reasonfor the employment of the three needles at angles to each other. Yearsago I had occasion to make a galvanometer pure and simple, and in myendeavor to produce an instrument capable of indicating the slightestresistance of a circuit attached to it I experimented with differentarrangements of the needle. It is unnecessary to give here all theexperiments in detail, and for the purpose of this my invention it issufficient to state that the arrangement of the three needles, asillustrated in the drawings, at an angle of about fifteen degrees toeach other proved the most satisfactory, and I therefore adopted thisarrangement for this purpose. The needles themselves may be magneticallyinsulated from each other-that is, they shouldpresent three separateneedles at three different angles to the coil. The magnetic insulationis not a necessity, only that it makes the instrument more sensitive tothe incoming current. I prefer to keep the needles in a bias or strainedposition with the aid of an adjustable magnetD', for the reason that theminutest flow of current will alter the influence of this magnet, andtherefore will allow the needles to alter their position. I have placedthe three needles on one shaft, which to make the movement moresensitive I have suspended with the aid of jewels on the frame capableof being inserted in the coil or taken out of same. This arrangement isemployed in preference to those arrangements wherein the needles arepermanently fixed to the skeleton of the coil. To the needles and atright angles to the points of the same is secured what I call thecontact-arm. This contactarm may be made out of any conducting ornon-conducting material, the latter to be preferred, for the reason thatI employ the downward movement of the arm to vary a local circuitseparate from the local circuit to be varied by the upward movement ofthe arm. Each end of this arm should be provided with at least twopoints electrically connected together. As to the arrangements of thecircuits, the one to be relayed, as well as the circuit with the aid ofwhich the relayed messages should be transmitted, the arrangement is asfollows: The terminals .of the coil of the galvanometer or instrumentalike in its action are connected to the terminals of the incomingcircuit. The local circuit with the aid of which the incoming message isto be repeated is provided with contact-points or, as illustrated in thedrawings, with contact cups. These cups are placed in juxtaposition tothe contact-points secured to the contact-arm of the movable needles.The local circuit is also provided with a source of currentsuch, for

instance, as Voltaic or secondary cells and the primary of aninductorium. It is desirable to provide this circuit with a switch orother suitable arrangement, so as to be able to open and close the sameat will. The secondary of an inductorium of the local circuit isconnected to the terminals of a second and independent circuit providedat the other terminals either with telephonic receivers or with aduplicate instrument, as described herein, so as to again repeat theonce-repeated message. The contact-cups may be filled with mercury, orthey may be filled with finely-divided carbon or any other suitablesubstance; but I prefer to use in the cups diluted sulfuric acid, asthis fluid offers the greatest resistance to the varying movements ofthe contact-points. The cups themselves should be of a non-conductingmaterial and only the lower part of the cups be provided with aconducting-point connected to the binding-posts to'which the terminalsof the local circuit are connected.

The modus operandi in carrying out my invention is as follows: Theneedles are placed inside of the coil and their position adjusted withthe aid of the large magnet outside of the coil. The cups are filledwith the diluted acid and then placed in such a position that thecontact-points normally dip into the liquid.

The incoming circuit is then connected to the terminals of the coil. Thelocal circuit containing the battery and primary of an inductorium isconnected to the binding-posts of the containing cups. The outgoingcircuit is connected to the secondary of the inductorium. If nowatelephonic message is sent from the line-wire of the incoming circuit,the electric impulses flowing through the coil-circuit will influencethe needles inside of the coil in a manner so that they will move to andfro in harmony with the direction of the current impulses. Through thevariation of the position of the needle, and therefore position of thecontact arm and points, the distance between these points and thecontact-points connected to the local circuit will be varied and throughthis variation secondary impulses will be set up in the secondary coilof the inductorium. To make use of the upward movement as well as thedownward movement of the contactarm, I have provided, as said before,both ends with contact-points in proximity to contactcups, of which atleast each pair of said contact-cups is connected to an independentlocal circuit, the secondaries of these local circuits being connectedin a manner so that the at one and. the same time generated secondaryimpulses will always flow in the same direction as to each other andwill therefore increase.

If it is desired, each end of the contact-arm can be provided with twoor more sets of contact-points. All of these sets can be either part ofone and the same circuit or each set can be part of a separate circuit.It is under- IIO the relayed circuit being eq ual'to two hundred andfifty miles of usual circuit-wire. It is also understood that themechanically-made arrangement may differ or that the arrangement of theneedles or other parts may vary without departing from the scope of myinvention.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A telephonic relay consisting essentially of a galvanometer, theneedle or needles of which are provided with means to vary theresistance of a local circuit through the action of the incomingcurrent; said local circuit containing the primary of an inductorium thesecondary of which is adapted to be connected to a second line-wire, thecoil of said galvanometer adapted to be connected to the primarytelephonic circuit, and the needle or needles placed in the recess ofsaid coil.

2. Atelephonic relay, consisting essentially of a galvanometerconsisting of a stationary helix and movable needle or needles placed inthe recess thereof, the helix of said galvanometer is electricallyconnected to a telephonic circuit, and the movable needle or needles ofwhich are provided with a contact-arm,

the contact-points of which are in electrical connection with a. localcircuit containing a generator of electricity and the primary of aninductorium, the secondary of which is adapted to be connected to asecond line-wire.

3. Atelephonic relay, consisting essentially of a galvanometerconsisting of a stationary coil and needle or needles placed in therecess thereof, the needle or needles of said galvanometer provided witha contact-arm, the contact-points of said contact-arm being conducting,and adapted to increase or decrease the resistance of alocal circuitcontaining a battery and the primary of an inductorium, the secondary ofwhich is adapted to be connected ,to a second line-wire.

4'. Atelephonic relay, consisting essentially of a galvanometer, themovable needles of which are provided with means to vary the resistanceof two independent local circuits,

each of said circuits containing a generator of electricity, anda'primary of an inductorium, the secondaries of said primaries being inelectrical contact with each other, and adapted to be connected to asecond telephonic circuit.

In testimony whereof Lsign my name this 6th day of July, A. D. 1899.

ISIDOR KITSEE.

Witnesses:

E. R. STILLEY, WALLACE B. ELDRIDGE.

